Methodology for Developing Special Physical Qualities in Artillery Cadets for Effective Execution of Combat Missions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2025-03-55-62Keywords:
special physical training; professional training; artillery cadetsAbstract
Relevance. Educational-combat and combat practice have shown that the professional activity of military artillery units requires high levels of responsibility, as the reliability and accuracy of task execution depend on the professional and psychophysiological qualities and functional state of future artillery officers. The study identified the factors that determine the effectiveness of developing special qualities and defined the pedagogical conditions necessary for improving the quality of special physical training of artillery cadets. Purpose of the study – to identify and rank the factors that determine the effectiveness of developing special qualities in artillery cadets. Materials and Methods of the Study. A survey was conducted with the participation of 121 graduating cadets. An experiment was carried out involving 110 first-year cadets, who were divided into two groups: a control group (CG, n = 50) and an experimental group (EG, n = 60). The study was conducted from May 2021 to June 2025 in several stages. A number of research methods were applied: theoretical analysis and synthesis of literature sources, questionnaires, pedagogical experiment, and methods of mathematical statistics. Research Results. A program of special physical training for cadets – future commanders of artillery units – was substantiated and developed. Based on the indicators that assess the level of general physical fitness of the cadets, the results of the experimental group (EG) improved significantly, namely: in the 100-meter sprint (ΔX = 2,0 s; t = 4,466; p < 0,001); in pull-ups on the bar (ΔX = 2,0 reps; t = 5,633; p < 0,001); in the 3-km run (ΔX = 1 min 32 s; t = 4,466; p < 0,001); in static endurance (ΔX = 4,1 s; t = 2,184; p < 0,05). Significant differences were also identified in indicators characterizing the functional state of the EG cadets. For instance, the functional indicator improved (t = 3,900; p < 0,01), the Harvard step-test index (t = 5,633; p < 0,001), and the endurance coefficient (t = 2,811; p < 0,01). Conclusions. The program of special physical training for artillery cadets during their studies at higher military educational institutions has been substantiated and developed. It is based on pedagogical factors that influence the development of special physical qualities, namely: optimal distribution of training loads in all forms of physical training; proper planning of the overall time budget allocated to physical training; availability of educational and material resources for developing special physical qualities, etc.
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