Biochemical Markers for Assessing the Level of the Organism's Resistance to Loads in Thai Boxing

Abstract

Topicality. The insufficient number of fundamental studies on the study of the features of adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body of novice athletes of different ages in conditions of anaerobic energy supply regimes complicates the process of control and management of the training system in martial arts. The Purpose of the Research. To determine the effectiveness of using the proposed complex of biochemical blood markers as informative markers for assessing the level of resistance of the body to stress in men of adolescence and the first period of adulthood at the stage of initial training in Thai boxing. Methods. 80 men who have been practicing Thai boxing for only 6–7 months were examined. 40 participants were 20±0,6 years old, and the others were 29±2,3 years old. Two test loads were developed: No. 1 – a repeated strike combination (low kick, jumping knee strike, elbow strike) was performed for 20 s (creatine phosphokinase energy supply mechanism); No. 2 – a similar combination of strikes for 40 s (anaerobic glycolysis). The features of adaptive and compensatory reactions to a stressful stimulus were assessed using biochemical blood parameters (creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cortisol). The Results. It was found that in men of the first period of maturity and 50 % of adolescents with no previous experience of training activities in response to test load No. 1, we observe the implementation of short-term adaptation processes. A significant increase in the activity of the CPK enzyme with a moderate increase in cortisol concentration and no change in LDH parameters in blood serum in response to high-intensity load for 20 s (the mechanism of creatine phosphokinase energy supply) indicates a high level of resistance to such a stressful stimulus. At the same time, in 50 % of adolescents who had experience in other sports, except martial arts, before the start of the study, the level of resistance to such loads was low. This fact is confirmed not only by a pronounced increase in LDH activity in the blood due to the accumulation of lactate, which indicates the involvement of the anaerobic glycolysis mechanism, but also by a decrease in the concentration of cortisol in the blood. The results revealed after test load No. 2 demonstrate an increase in the CPK index in the blood almost to the upper limit of normal and a simultaneous decrease in the level of cortisol in the participants of the youth age regardless of their experience of training activities and 25 % of men of the first period of adulthood. However, in 50 % of men of the first period of adulthood, regardless of the presence of previous sports experience in other sports, we observe a high level of resistance and simultaneously a balanced mechanism of energy supply to the stressful stimulus under the conditions of test load No. 2. Conclusions. It was found that the proposed combination of biochemical blood parameters (CKD, LDH, cortisol) clearly reflects the course of adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body of men of adolescence and the first period of maturity at the stage of initial training in Thai boxing. Depending on the features of the change in the studied parameters (enzyme activity and hormone concentration in the blood), it is possible to clearly determine the level of resistance of the body to loads that are similar in intensity, volume and energy supply to attacking actions in this type of martial arts.