Problems of Restoration of Functional Reserves of Qualified Athletes of Different Age Groups in MMA After Competitive Activity

Abstract

Topicality. Taking into account the complexity of competitive activities in MMA, the question of determining clear time limits necessary for the complete recovery of the body of individuals of different age groups, using modern methods of assessing the adaptation reserves of the body, cause conflicting views among researchers regarding the effective mechanisms of their implementation. The Purpose of the Research. To determine the effectiveness of recovery of functional reserves of qualified athletes of different age groups in MMA after competitive activity. Methods. 40 qualified MMA athletes (young men) of different age groups (14–16 and 17–18 years) participated in the research. The research was conducted after the performance of the examined athletes at two high-level tournaments, which were held with an interval of 2 days. 4 groups were formed. Representatives of the first (14–16 years old) and third groups (17–18 years old) took part in only one tournament. Athletes of the second (14–16 years old) and fourth (17–18 years old) took part in matches in both competitions. Using indicators of heart rate variability and biochemical analysis of cortisol concentration in the blood, the nature of adaptive changes of the participants' bodies to a given physical stimulus was determined. 2 tests were used: execution by athletes of a series of lateral kicks on the makiwara for 15 and 40 s with maximum force. The Results. It was established that at the beginning of the study, the athletes of groups 2 and 4, who were trained in duels only during one competition, had a less strained regulation of the heart rhythm (LF/HF<1,15) compared to representatives of the other two groups. In athletes of groups 1 and 3, in response to exercise, we observed a decrease in SDNN values by an average of 26,2 % and LF by 24,3 % against the background of an increase in HF parameters by 2,8 %. Representatives of the other two groups, on the contrary, showed an increase in SDNN (+25,9 % and +34,8 %) and LF value by an average of 26,9 % against a background of a decrease in HF parameters by 22,0 % in response to exercise during 40 p. It was found that in athletes of groups 1 and 3, the concentration of cortisol in blood serum is 40,3 % higher than the parameters fixed in representatives of groups 2 and 4, but do not go beyond the physiological norm. Among the subjects of group 1, the level of the studied hormone in response to special loads for 40 seconds shows a significant decrease by 40,5 %, and among the participants of group 3 by 50,1 % compared to the state of rest. Among other participants, we observe an adequate reaction to a stressful stimulus, which is manifested in the growth of this steroid hormone in blood serum (+32,5 % in athletes of the 2nd group; +11,8 % in the 4th group). Conclusions. The results revealed in the research show that qualified MMA athletes of adolescent and youth age, after participating for a short period of time simultaneously in two international tournaments, during the recovery period need to reduce loads to 40–45 % of 1 PM and use only aerobic mode of energy supply. It was established that during the recovery period, the use of specialized for this type of sport load leads to the manifestation of compensatory mechanisms associated with the activation of gluconeogenesis processes and the strengthening of the vagal influence on the sinus node of the heart of athletes.