Mechanisms for Assessing the Safety of Bodybuilding Exercise Program to the Adaptive Capacity of Adolescents' Organisms at the Initial Training Stage

Abstract

Topicality. Even at the initial training stage, the modern needs in bodybuilding, require researchers to find the most informative markers for assessing the adequacy of power loads to the adaptive reserves of the adolescent body to develop safe and efficient training models.   The Aim of the Research. To determine the optimal spectrum of biochemical blood markers for assessing the adaptive and compensatory reactions of adolescents to a stressful stimulus in terms of using different intensity modes of loading at the stage of initial training in bodybuilding. Methods. The study involved 60 adolescents aged 15–16 who have been engaged in bodybuilding for a year and have no contraindications to such activities. Given the purpose of the study, the participants have been divided into three groups. Representatives of the first group used high-intensity power loads during training (Ra=0,72). Participants of the second group – the mode of power loads of average intensity (Ra=0,67). Persons of the third group – a mode of low-intensity loads (Ra=0,58). To estimate adaptation-compensatory reactions of an organism of adolescents to loading under conditions of the set modes in the course of bodybuilding, indicators of biochemical control of activity of enzymes creatine phosphokinase, lacate dehydrogenase, and concentration of cortisol in blood serum were used. Results. The obtained results indicate that in response to physical exertion under the conditions of using a high-intensity mode (Ra=0,72) in adolescents, the activity of the enzyme creatine phosphokinase increases by 46,0 % and the concentration of cortisol by 50,5 % in blood serum compared to the resting state. It was established that in response to medium-intensity loads (Ra=0,67), all controlled biochemical indicators in the blood serum increased in the range of 19,3–22,1 % compared to the initial data. The revealed biochemical results in the conditions of use by the representatives of the 3rd group in the course of the low-intensity exercise regime (Ra=0,58) show an increase in creatine phosphokinase by 3,8 %, lactate dehydrogenase by 14,4 % and a decrease in the concentration of cortisol in the blood serum by 20,4 % in response to a stimulus. Conclusions. The revealed diversity of the nature of the changes in the biochemical blood control indicators we studied demonstrates the adaptive and compensatory reactions of the adolescent body in conditions of different intensity and energy supply of muscle activity regimes of power loads in bodybuilding at the initial training stage. The obtained results will make it possible to reasonably model the optimal set of informative biochemical markers of blood, depending on the conditions of training activity and adaptation reserves of the body.