Features of Changes in Bioimpedance Metry Indicators in Military Personnel from Different Units during Rehabilitation Following Injuries and during the Active Stage of Readaptation

Abstract

Relevance. In the modern system of rehabilitation of military personnel, one of the key issues is the search for optimal training models using various variations of exercise regimes and physical exercise complexes aimed at readapting the functional reserves of military personnel, taking into account the specifics of their units, as well as depending on their nosology and state of hypokinesia. Objective. To study the characteristics of changes in body composition indicators in military personnel of the Special Operations Forces and Air Defense Forces during the main stages of rehabilitation and during the period of readaptation of functional reserves after returning to their units. Methods. Forty military personnel were examined who, after completing the main stages of rehabilitation due to injuries that led to a decrease in the level of functional reserves of the body and pronounced manifestations of hypokinesia, underwent a course of readaptation using “standard” training models, depending on the characteristics of military units, under the guidance of instructors in physical culture and sports rehabilitation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Two groups of 20 people each were created: military personnel from the Special Operations Forces and Air Defense Forces. The dynamics of the body composition indicators of the examined subjects were studied using the bioimpedance method. Results. It was found that regardless of the initial level of the studied bioimpedance measurements, during 3-4 months of rehabilitation after identical injuries in military personnel of both units, against the background of using identical physical therapy protocols, a significant increase in body fat mass and a simultaneous decrease in lean mass, active cell mass, and dry cell mass were observed. It was found that only in the group of examined SSO servicemen, who, after returning to their units upon completion of the main stages of rehabilitation, used even “standard” models of functional reserve readaptation training during 3 months of training, as in most cases developed by physical education and sports rehabilitation in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the studied body composition indicators demonstrate a significant decrease in BM parameters against the background of an increase in BFM, ACM, and SCM indicators, which indicates pronounced manifestations of effective processes of repeated long-term adaptation. Conclusions. To evaluate the effectiveness of “standard” models of training for the readaptation of functional reserves of military personnel from various units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, using bioimpedance measurements as informative markers, it is necessary to analyze in detail the nature of their changes during the previous stages of medical rehabilitation using basic physical therapy protocols, studying in detail their structure, content, mechanism of load correction, and the rationale for the selection of appropriate exercise complexes.