The Influence of Participating in Sports on Shaping Masculine and Feminine Character Traits of Schoolchildren of Different Age Groups
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-01-74-89Keywords:
pupils, gender differences, physical culture, sport, masculinity, femininity, androgenityAbstract
Topicality. The different aspects of gender problem and gender approach at pupils‟ physical education are considered in the research. Tasks of the Research. Gender identity manifestations of schoolchildren were investigated. An influence of participation in sports on shaping a gender personality type for young men and young women from different age groups was identified. The Research Methods. Theoretical methods of research were used: analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization, theoretical modeling. The questioner worked out by Sundry Bam «Masculinity-femininity» and methods of mathematical statistics were used. Pupils of 5–11 grades (638 pupils) took part in the researching. The Results of the Research. The knowledge of the influence of participation in sports on formation masculinity traits of teenagers‟ characters was taken. It was founded that for young men who participates in sports, on the group level, the occurrence of masculinity becomes bigger. It is 50 % more than for men who do not participate in sports. The occurrence of masculinity, on the young women‟ group level, who participates in sport more than 30 % in comparison with young women who do not participate in sports. Conclusions. After the carried out study we drew a conclusion that practicing sport promotes the development of certain masculine characteristics. What is more it concerns female. It means that females who actively participate in sport are more masculine in comparison with those who do not. Due to effective approaches and methods of physical activity, orientation on motor activity, pupils are consolidated with patterns of behavior and personality qualities which shape the gender. Received data are the ground of the further and depth studying in the field of physical culture and sport, the results of which will become a theoretical ground of the conception of the gender approach at pupils‟ physical education.
References
Arkanceva, T. A. (2011). Otnoshenie roditelej i detej v gendernom izmerenii [The relationship of parents and child- ren in the gender dimension]: uchebnoe posobie. Moskva: NOU VPO Moskovskij psihologo-socialnyj institut, 70.
Bazarnyj, V. F. (2005). O tragicheskih posledstviyah smeshannogo vospitaniya i obucheniya v shkolah [About the tragic consequences of mixed education and education at schools]. Obrazovanie i zdorove uchashihsya: Materialy Vserossijskogo Foruma s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem. Chast III. Moskva, 29–37.
Bem, S. (2004). Linzy gendera: Transformaciya vzglyadov na problemu neravenstva polov [Gender Lenses: trans- forming views on inequality of sexes]. Moskva: «Rossijskaya politicheskaya enciklopediya» (ROSSPEN), 336.
Groshev, I. V. (2005). Psihofiziologicheskie razlichiya muzhchin i zhenshin [Psychophysiological differences between men and women]. Moskva: Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo psihologo-socialnogo instituta; Voronezh: Izdatelstvo NPO «MODEK», 464.
Damadaeva, A. S. (2010). Specifika gendernoj differenciacii lichnosti v sporte [The specifics of gender differentiation of personality in sports]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P. F. Lesgafta, no. 10 (68).
Dulmuhametova, G. F. (2011). Pedagogicheskie usloviya polovoj differenciacii obucheniya mladshih shkolnikov [Pedagogical conditions of sexual differentiation of education of primary school students.]. Dissertaciya na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata pedagogicheskih nauk, Kazan.
Ilin, E. P. (2010). Pol i gender [Sex and gender]. Piter, 686.
Klecina, I. S. (2004). Psihologiya gendernih otnoshenij: teoriya i praktika [Psychology of gender relations: theory and practice]. Sankt-Peterburg: Altejya, 408.
Kohan, V. Ye. (2000). Kohnityvni y emotsiini aspekty hendernykh ustanovok u ditei 3–7 rokiv [Cognitive and emotional aspects of gender attitudes in children of 3–7 years old]. Pytannia psykholohii, no. 2, 65–69.
Krutsevych, T. Yu., Marchenko, O. Iu. (2016). Problemy hendernoho podkhoda v fyzycheskom vospytanyy [Problems of a gender approach in physical education.].. Materialete Congresului Ştiinţific Internaţional «SPORT. OLIMPISMSM. SĂNĂTATE VOLUMUL» Chişină, Republica Moldova, 5–8 octobrie, 233–240.
Marchenko, O. Iu. (2018). Teoretyko-metodolohichni osnovy hendernoho pidkhodu do formuvannia aksiolohichnoi znachushchosti fizychnoi kultury shkoliariv: monohrafiia [Theoretical and methodological foundations of the gender approach to the formation of axiological significance of physical culture of schoolchildren]. Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, 292.
Marchenko, O. Yu. (2014). Osoblyvosti hendernoi identychnosti u shkoliariv riznoho viku [Features of gender identity in students of all ages.]. Pedahohika, psykholohiia ta medyko-biolohichni problemy fizychnoho vykhovannia i sportu, no. 1, 37–41.
Moskalenko, N. V. (2014). Innovatsiini tekhnolohii u fizychnomu vykhovanni shkoliariv [Innovative technologies in physical education of schoolchildren] navch. posibnyk dlia stud. vyshch. navch. Zakladiv, Dnipropetrovsk: Innovatsiia, 332.
Panhelova, N. Ye. (2014). Teoretyko-metodychni zasady formuvannia harmoniino rozvynenoi osobystosti dytyny doshkilnoho viku v protsesi fizychnoho vykhovannia [Theoretical and methodological foundations of forming a harmoniously developed personality of a preschool child in the process of physical education]. Dysertatsiia, Kyiv: Natsionalnyi universytet fizychnoho vykhovannia i sportu Ukrainy, 445.
Rodomanova, S. S. (2007). Socialno-pedagogicheskie problemy gendernyh otnoshenij v sporte [Socio- pedagogical problems of gender relations in sports.]. Dissertaciya. Sankt-Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskij gosudarstvennyj universitet fizicheskoj kultury, 243.
Rymarev, N. Yu. (2006). Lichnostnye osobennosti podrostkov s razlichnoj gendernoj identichnostyu [Personal characteristics of adolescents with different gender identities.]. Dis. kand. psih. nauk, spec. 19.00.01, Krasnodar.
Slepova, L. N., Hairova, T. N., Dizhonova, L. B. (2010). Gendernyj podhod k fizicheskomu vospitaniyu studentov [Gender approach to physical education of students]. Sovremennye naukoemkie tehnologii, no. 5, 129–130.
Tarasenko, L. V. (2007). Gendernyj podhod v fizicheskom vospitanii kak faktor ozdorovleniya mladshih shkolnikov [Gender approach in physical education as a factor in the recovery of primary school children]: avtoref. dis. na soisk. nauchn. step. kand. nauk: spec.: 13.00.04 «Teoriya». Moskva: RGB, 18.
Tomenko, O. A, Bondar, A. S. (2018). Osoblyvosti zaluchennia ditei ta molodi do fizkulturno-ozdorovchoi diialnosti u suchasnykh umovakh [Features of involvement of children and young people in physical and recreational activity in modern conditions]. Molodyi vchenyi, 69–73.
Abraham W. T., Gramer R. E., Fernandes A. M,. Mahler E. Infidelity, race and gender. Аn evolutionary on asymmetries in subjective distress to violations – of – trust [Infidelity, race and gender. Аn evolutionary on asymmetries in subjective distress to violations – of – trust]. Current Psychology, winter, 2001–2002, Vol. 2, № 4, P. 337–348.
Meyer J. D., Schmidt A. M. Gender political in four contexts: Political interest and values among junior high school students in China, Japan, Mexico and United States. Social Science jornal, 2004, 41 (3), 393–407.
Myers A. M., Lips H. M. Participation in competitive amateur sports as a function of psychological and raging. Sox Roles, 1978, vol. 4, 571–578.
Scott S. Gender: a useful category of historical analisis. The American Historical Review, 1986, Vol. 91, № 5, 10–67.
Spence S., Helmrich R. Androgyny vs. gender schema: A comment of Bem‟s gender shame theory. Psychological Review, 1981, Vol. 88, 365–368.
Gonsoulin M. Women‟s Rights and Women‟s Rites. Religion at the Historical Root of Gender Stratification [Women‟s Rights and Women‟s Rites. Religion at the Historical Root of Gender Stratification]. Electronic jornal of Sociology, 2005, 329–334.
Oliver K. L. Kirk D. Girls, gender and physical, education: an activist approach (routledge studies in physical education and youth sport). Routledge, 2015, 136 p.
Pawlowski C. S., Ergler C., Tjørnhø j-Thomsen T., Schipperijn J.et al. „Like a soccer camp for boys‟. A qualitative exploration of gendered activity patterns in childrens self-organized play during school recess. European Physical Education Review, 2015, Vol. 21, 275–291.
Slingerland M., Haerens L., Cardon G., Borghouts L. Differences in perceived competence and physical activity levels during single-gender modified basketball game play in middle school physical education. European Physical Education Review, 2014, Vol. 20, 20–35.
1.jpg)
