PHYSICAL EDUCATION FORMATION WITH IN BORDERS OF MODERN UKRAINE IN THE MIDDL E AGES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-03-11-17Keywords:
medieval, chronicles, traditions, physical education, Kievan Rus, health, means, formsAbstract
The article is dedicated to the investigation of physical education formation in Kievan Rus. The work outlines the worldview aspects of body-building, reveals the essence of healthy lifestyle in written documents of the IX–XIV centuries. Different means (folk games, dances, entertainments, fist fights, wrestling, exercises with objects, exercises using means of movement, natural locomotion) and forms (folk, religious, educational, military-physical, competitive) of physical education in Kievan Rus are presented in the article. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, ancient chronicles, ethnographic records, archaeological finds, folklore materials and own research results, we defined the fallowing peculiarities of the functioning of physical education in Kievan Rus: the connection of physical education with the outlook, way of life and place of people residence; interpenetration of inter-ethnic elements of physical education; interconnection of festive-gaming activity and military physical training; gradual transition to organized forms of physical education. In the literary documents of the IX–XIV centuries of the Kievan Rus the issue of healthy lifestyle was described. It ensured the training of young people in labor and military activities. «Pouchenia» by Volodymyr Monomakh provides a universal system for the education of young people, which includes productive labor activity, mental health, motor activity, hardening, rational nutrition, and personal hygiene. Means of physical education in Kievan Rus are divided into three main groups: physical exercises, natural forces, and hygiene factors. Physical exercises were divided into subgroups, depending on the specifics of motor activity: folk games, dancing and entertainment, fist fights and fighting, exercises with objects, exercises using means of movement. The forms of physical education in Kyivan Rus were formed due to the outlook, customs and way of life of the population. The results of the study made it possible to determine the following forms: folk, religious, educational, adventure, military-physical preparation.
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