The Influence of Strength Fitness Loads on the Body of Overweight Adolescents with Different Types of Heart Rate Regulation

Abstract

Topicality. The complexity of implementing the problems associated with the constantly progressive increase in the number of overweight people is one of the priority issues for a wide range of scientists and practitioners in biology, medicine and physical education. The Purpose of the Research. To study the specifics of the impact of acute loads of different intensities from strength fitness on the body of overweight adolescents with different types of heart rhythm regulation. Methods. 58 adolescents (boys) 14–15 years old with excess weight were examined. The percentage of fat mass of the examined was 41 %, which is 2,2 times higher than the norm for this age group. As test loads, the participants alternately used three developed models of strength fitness classes (No. 1–3). According to the results of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), the participants were divided into two groups. 20 adolescents were recommended to group A, the vegetative balance indicator (LF/HF=1,46) was the closest to the optimal values of the normotonic category, among boys of this age with normal weight. Group B included 38 participants, the vegetative balance indicator was significantly shifted towards sympathetic regulation (LF/HF=4,54). HRV control was performed at rest and in response to an acute test load using each of the developed models of strength fitness classes for this contingent in turn. The Results. In response to test loads (model No. 1) among normotonic adolescents, there is a decrease in the influence of autonomic regulation and an increase in sympathetic tone. In the sympathotonic group, we observe a simultaneous decrease in sympathetic and parasympathetic tone against the background of an increase in the central circuit of sinus rhythm regulation. In normotonic adolescents, after loads under the conditions of using the model of exercises No. 2, we observe a simultaneous increase in the influence of autonomic regulation and an increase in the central circuit. However, in the sympathotonic group, after a given test stimulus, we observe a weakening of the central circuit and a shift of the vegetative balance towards sympathetic influences. In response to test loads when using the model of exercises No. 3, in both groups, the level of tension in heart rhythm regulation and an increase in the central circuit increase. At the same time, the indicators of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone demonstrate a completely opposite relationship among adolescents of the examined groups. Conclusions. It was found that for normatotonic adolescents with excess weight, the use of a high-intensity load regime (R_a=0,71) against the background of the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply in combination with a set of basic exercises on simulators is the optimal stress stimulus for the implementation of short-term adaptation processes. For the group of sympathotonic adolescents, a similar optimal stress stimulus in the process of further long-term readaptation will be the use of a medium-intensity load regime (R_a=0,65) and energy supply due to anaerobic glycolysis in combination with a set of isolating exercises on simulators with a change in body position to reduce the activity of stabilizer muscle groups.