The Interrelationship between Indicators of Special Physical Fitness and Sports Performance in the High Jump at the Stage of Preliminary Basic Training
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2026-02-97-103Keywords:
high jump, special physical fitness, speed-strength abilities, explosive strength, sports performance, young female athletesAbstract
Relevance. The article examines the indicators of special physical fitness in female high jumpers at the stage of preliminary basic training. At this stage (13–14 years of age), athletes undergo intensive development of their functional capabilities and basic physical qualities, creating a foundation for future sports performance. Therefore, identifying the most informative indicators of special physical fitness that are associated with high jump performance is of particular importance. The aim of the study was to assess the level of development of special physical fitness and determine the relationships between its indicators and sports performance in female high jumpers. The study involved 15 female high jumpers aged 13–14 years at the stage of preliminary basic training. The following research methods were employed: analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics. The athletes’ speed, explosive strength, speed-strength abilities, muscular strength, and speed endurance were evaluated. The results showed that speed and explosive strength were the most highly developed physical qualities, whereas speed-strength abilities, upper-body muscular strength, and speed endurance required further improvement. Significant correlations were found between sports performance and explosive strength, including the vertical jump (r = 0,837) and standing long jump (r = 0,893), as well as sprint speed (r = −0,749) and the standing triple jump (r = 0,797). Conclusions. The findings demonstrate that explosive strength and speed-related abilities are the key determinants of sports performance in female high jumpers at the stage of preliminary basic training. The identified relationships indicate the need to optimize training programmes by placing greater emphasis on the development of speed-strength abilities, muscular strength, and speed endurance, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of long-term athlete development.
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