Early Specialization and Substantiation of Age for Rhythmic Gymnastics Classes in Context of the Modern Sport
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2021-03-90-102Keywords:
early specialization, rhythmic gymnastics, initial training, starting age, training programAbstract
Topicality. According to decreasing starting age of sport and achieving high results in sports connected to complex coordination structure, properly organized initial training becomes of current interest at the modern gymnastics development. The Purpose of the Research is to analyze the coaches` opinion on the issue of early specialization and the program of initial training in rhythmic gymnastics (survey of coaches); to determine motives, goals and objectives of children sports (survey of novice female gymnasts` parents). Stuff and Methods of the Research are analysis of professional scientific and methodological literature sources, research of practical experience in organizing the process of initial training with female gymnasts of preschool age, survey of 51 coaches and 46 parents of female novice gymnasts, methods of mathematical statistics and data generalization. Results of the Research. Various views on the issues of early specialization and approaches to organizing of young athletes` training are considered. 80 % of coaches note the discrepancy between the current rhythmic gymnastics program for sports school and the requirements of modern sport. The main tasks that should be solved in process of female gymnasts` training at the initial stage have been considered. The general physical development of the child, health promotion, achievement of high sport results, correction of physical status, familiarization with the sports and social adaptation are the significant motives for rhythmic gymnastics. The optimal starting age of rhythmic gymnastics, the optimal duration of classes and the number of trainings per week for female gymnasts in different ages have been considered. A discrepancy between the coaches and parents` opinions on the age of girls` prospects in elite sport has been revealed. Conclusions. The need for develop and implement an initial training adapted program in rhythmic gymnastics. A survey of female novice gymnasts` parents made it possible to understand the motives of rhythmic gymnastics classes. When developing a program, it is necessary to consider starting age of classes, motives and features of physical development.
References
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Shynkaruk O. (2020). Poshuk ta rozvytok sportyvnoho talantu: retrospektyvnyy ta suchasnyy analiz [Search and development of sports talent: retrospective and modern analysis]. TMFV, 2, 47–58.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Kolchyn, M. S. (2018). Rannya spetsializatsiya v skladnokoordynatsiynykh vydakh sportu na suchasnomu etapi rozvytku sportu (na materiali khudozhnoyi himnastyky) [Early specialization in complex coordination sports at the present stage of sports development (based on the papers of rhythmic gymnastics).]. Materialy KHI mizhn. konferentsiyi «Molod ta olimpiyskyy rukh». Kyiv, 222–3.
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Shynkaruk, O., Kolchyn, M. (2018). Dynamika viku pochatku zanyat khudozhnoyu himnastykoyu ta dosyahnennya vysokykh sportyvnykh rezultativ z urakhuvannyam obyektyvnykh peredumov rozvytku vydu sportu [Dynamics of the age of the beginning of classes in rhythmic gymnastics and achievement of high sports results taking into account objective preconditions of sports development]. Fizychna kultura, sport ta zdorovya natsiyi: zb. nauk. prats./hol. red. V. M. Kostyukevych. Zhytomyr, 6, 192–9.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Kolchyn, M. S. (2020). Vyznachennya znachushchosti elementiv skladnosti tila pry vyko- nanni zmahalnykh kompozytsiy yunymy himnastkamy dlya yikh bazovoho rozuchuvannya v khudozhniy himnastytsi [Determining the significance of body complexity in the performance of competitive compositions by young gymnasts for their basic learning in rhythmic gymnastics]. Molod ta olimpiyskyy rukh: Zbirnyk tez dopovidey XIII Mizhnarodnoyi konferentsiyi molodykh vchenykh, 16 travnya 2020 roku. Kyiv, 112–323.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Syvash, Y. S. (2016). Khudozhestvennaya himnastyka: otbor y oryentatsyya podhotovky sportsmenok v hruppovykh uprazhnenyyakh [Rhythmic gymnastics: selection and orientation of female athletes` training in group exercises]: Monohrafiia. Kyiv: Olimpiysʹka literatura, 120.
Shynkaruk, O. A., Topol, A. A. (2018). Kontrol podgotovlennosti sportsmenok v hudojestvennoy gimnastike na primere gruppovyih uprajneniy [The training of female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics on the example of group exercises]: monografiya. Lambert Academic Publishing, 202.
Byshevets, N., Denysova, L., Shynkaruk, O., Serhiyenko, K,, Usychenko, V., Stepanenko, O, Syvash, I. (2019). Using the methods of mathematical statistics in sports and educational research. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19 (3), 148, 1030–34. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2019.s3148,
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Malina, R. M., (2010). Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness, risks. Current sports medicine reports. Publisher, 9(6), 364–371.
Myer, G. D, Jayanthi, N., DiFiori, J. P, Faigenbaum, A. D, Kiefer A. W, Logerstedt, D., Micheli, L. J. (2016). Sports Specialization, Part II: Alternative Solutions to Early Sport Specialization in Youth Athletes. Sports Health. Jan-Feb; 8(1), 65–73. doi: 10.1177/1941738115614811. Epub 2015 Oct 30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/26517937
Bulantsov, A. M. (2013). K voprosu o minimal'nom vozraste detey dlya nabora v sektsii sambo i dzyudo [On the issue of the minimum age of children for engaging in sambo and judo sections]. Nauchno-teoreticheskiy zhurnal «Uchenyye zapiski universiteta imeni P. F. Lesgafta», 8 (102), 12-5.
Ivanova, L. A., Kazakova, O. A. (2015). Primeneniye metodiki ranney sportivnoy spetsializatsii v doshkolnykh uchrezhdeniyakh [Application of the methodology of early sports specialization in preschool institutions]. Mir nauki, 3, 1–10.
Kazakevich, N. V., Pyshnaya, Y. E. (2010). Osobennosti otbora i nachalnogo etapa sportivnoy podgotovki v khudozhestvennoy gimnastike [Features of selection and the initial stage of sports training in rhythmic gymnastics]. Mezhdunar. nauch. konf., posvyashchonnaya 75-letiyu khudozhestvennoy gimnastiki: (6 noyabrya 2009 g., Sankt-Peterburg). NGU im. P. F. Lesgafta: sb. statey. Sankt-Peterburg, 23–31.
Kazakova, O. A. (2015). Osobennosti razvitiya dvigatel'noy aktivnosti u detey-shestiletok [Features of six- year-old children physical activity]. Naukovedeniye, 7 (3), 1–7.
Karpenko, L. A. (1989). Otbor i nachalnaya podgotovka zanimayushchikhsya khudozhestvennoy gimnastikoy [Selection and initial training of those who does rhythmic gymnastics]. IFK im. P. F. Lesgafta, 29.
Kirichenko, V. V. (2013). Optimizatsiya zdorov'ye sberegayushchego soprovozhdeniya uchebno-trenirovoch- nogo protsessa v detsko-yunosheskoy sportivnoy shkole [Optimization of health-saving support of the education and training at children and youth sports school]. Vestnik KemGU, 3(55), 1, 75 –9.
Kolchyn, M. S, Shynkaruk, O. A. (2020). Suchasni pidkhody do pidhotovky himnastok-pochatkivtsiv z urakhuvannyam zmin navchalnykh prohram dlya DYUSSH, SDYUSHOR ta SHVSM z khudozhnoyi himnastyky [Modern approaches to the training of beginner gymnasts taking into account changes in the curriculum for sports institutions in rhythmic gymnastics]. Innovatsiyni ta informatsiyni tekhnolohiyi u fizychniy kulturi, sporti, fizychniy terapiyi ta erhoterapiyi: materialy III Vseukrayinskoyi elektronnoyi nauko- vo-praktychnoyi konferentsiyi z mizhnarodnoyu uchastyu (Kyyiv, 8 kvitnya 2020 r.) / red. O. A. Shynkaruk. Kyiv: NUFVSU, 20–1.
Kolchyn, M. S., Shynkaruk, O. A. (2019). Suchasni tendentsiyi zminy viku pochatku zanyat ta dosyahnennya nayvyshchoyi maysternosti sportsmenok v khudozhniy himnastytsi yak chynnyk, shcho obumovlyuye rannyu spetsializatsiyu [Current trends in the age of the beginning of classes and the achievement of the highest athletes`s skills in rhythmic gymnastics as a factor determines the early specialization]. Materialy II Vseukra- yinsʹkoyi elektronnoyi konferentsiyi z mizhnarodnoyu uchastyu «Innovatsiyni ta informatsiyni tekhnolohiyi u fizychniy kulʹturi, sporti, fizychniy terapiyi ta erhoterapiyi», 18 kvitnya 2019 roku. Kyiv: NUFVSU, 26–7.
Mamedova, E. Kh. (1989). Spetsialnaya dvigatelnaya podgotovka sportsmenok v khudozhestvennoĭ gimnastike [Special motor training of female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics]: [avtoreferat]. Moskva: GTSOLIFK, 22.
Matviiev, L. P. (2003). Teoriya i metodika fizicheskoy kultury. Vvedeniye v predmet [Theory and methodo- logy of PE]: uchebnik dlya vysshikh spetsialnykh fizkulturnykh uchebnykh zavedeniy. 3-ye izd. Sankt- Peterburg: Lan, 160.
Nikitushkin, V. G. (2010). Teoriya i metodika yunosheskogo sporta [Theory and methodology of youth sports]. Moskva: Fizicheskaya kultura i sport, 203.
Platonov, V., Bolshakova, I. (2013). Forsirovaniye mnogoletney podgotovki sportsmenov i Yunosheskiye Olimpiyskiye igry [Forcing the long-term training of athletes and the Youth Olympic Games]. Nauka v olimpiyskom sporte, 2, 37–42.
Platonov, V. N. (2015). Sistyema podgotovki sportsmyenov v olimpiyskom sportye [The training system of athletes in Olympic sports]. Obshchaya teoriya i yeye prakticheskiye prilozheniya: uchebnik [dlya trenerov]: v 2 kn. Kyiv: Olimp. lit., 2, 752.
Pro organízatsíyu navchal'no-trenuval'noí¨ roboty dityacho-yunats'kikh sportivnikh shkíl [On the organization of education and training of children's and youth sports schools]. Rezhim dostupu: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/ show/z0119-15#Text
Ugarova, O. V. (2008). Rekomenduyemyy vozrast dlya zanyatiy sportivnoy gimnastikoy [Recommended age for gymnastics]. Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo, 154–5
Shvarts, V. B, Khrushchev, S. V. (1984). Medyko-byolohycheskye aspekty sportyvnoy oryentatsyy y otbora [Biomedical aspects of sports orientation and selection]. Moskva: Fyzkultura y sport, 151.
Shynkaruk O. (2020). Poshuk ta rozvytok sportyvnoho talantu: retrospektyvnyy ta suchasnyy analiz [Search and development of sports talent: retrospective and modern analysis]. TMFV, 2, 47–58.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Kolchyn, M. S. (2018). Rannya spetsializatsiya v skladnokoordynatsiynykh vydakh sportu na suchasnomu etapi rozvytku sportu (na materiali khudozhnoyi himnastyky) [Early specialization in complex coordination sports at the present stage of sports development (based on the papers of rhythmic gymnastics).]. Materialy KHI mizhn. konferentsiyi «Molod ta olimpiyskyy rukh». Kyiv, 222–3.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Kolchyn, M. S. (2019). Doslidzhennya dynamiky viku pochatku zanyat khudozhnoyu himnastykoyu ta dosyahnennya vysokykh sportyvnykh rezulʹtativ [Research of dynamics of age of the beginning of rhythmic gymnastics classes and achievement of high sports results]. Materialy KHII mizhn. konferentsiyi «Molod ta olimpiysʹkyy rukh». Kyiv, 21, 195–6.
Shynkaruk, O., Kolchyn, M. (2018). Dynamika viku pochatku zanyat khudozhnoyu himnastykoyu ta dosyahnennya vysokykh sportyvnykh rezultativ z urakhuvannyam obyektyvnykh peredumov rozvytku vydu sportu [Dynamics of the age of the beginning of classes in rhythmic gymnastics and achievement of high sports results taking into account objective preconditions of sports development]. Fizychna kultura, sport ta zdorovya natsiyi: zb. nauk. prats./hol. red. V. M. Kostyukevych. Zhytomyr, 6, 192–9.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Kolchyn, M. S. (2020). Vyznachennya znachushchosti elementiv skladnosti tila pry vyko- nanni zmahalnykh kompozytsiy yunymy himnastkamy dlya yikh bazovoho rozuchuvannya v khudozhniy himnastytsi [Determining the significance of body complexity in the performance of competitive compositions by young gymnasts for their basic learning in rhythmic gymnastics]. Molod ta olimpiyskyy rukh: Zbirnyk tez dopovidey XIII Mizhnarodnoyi konferentsiyi molodykh vchenykh, 16 travnya 2020 roku. Kyiv, 112–323.
Shynkaruk, O. A, Syvash, Y. S. (2016). Khudozhestvennaya himnastyka: otbor y oryentatsyya podhotovky sportsmenok v hruppovykh uprazhnenyyakh [Rhythmic gymnastics: selection and orientation of female athletes` training in group exercises]: Monohrafiia. Kyiv: Olimpiysʹka literatura, 120.
Shynkaruk, O. A., Topol, A. A. (2018). Kontrol podgotovlennosti sportsmenok v hudojestvennoy gimnastike na primere gruppovyih uprajneniy [The training of female athletes in rhythmic gymnastics on the example of group exercises]: monografiya. Lambert Academic Publishing, 202.
Byshevets, N., Denysova, L., Shynkaruk, O., Serhiyenko, K,, Usychenko, V., Stepanenko, O, Syvash, I. (2019). Using the methods of mathematical statistics in sports and educational research. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19 (3), 148, 1030–34. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2019.s3148,
Malina, R. M., (2009). Organized youth sports V background, trends, benefits and risks. Youth Sports, Volume I: Participation, Trainability and Readiness. Coimbra (Portugal): Coimbra University Press, 21–27.
Malina, R. M., (2010). Early sport specialization: roots, effectiveness, risks. Current sports medicine reports. Publisher, 9(6), 364–371.
Myer, G. D, Jayanthi, N., DiFiori, J. P, Faigenbaum, A. D, Kiefer A. W, Logerstedt, D., Micheli, L. J. (2016). Sports Specialization, Part II: Alternative Solutions to Early Sport Specialization in Youth Athletes. Sports Health. Jan-Feb; 8(1), 65–73. doi: 10.1177/1941738115614811. Epub 2015 Oct 30. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/26517937
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2021-09-30
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Olympic and professional sport
How to Cite
Early Specialization and Substantiation of Age for Rhythmic Gymnastics Classes in Context of the Modern Sport. (2021). Physical Education, Sport and Health Culture in Modern Society, 3(55), 90-102. https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2021-03-90-102
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