Influence of CrossFit Training on the Mental Condition and Quality of Life of Young People

Authors

  • Iuliia Pavlova Ivan Bobersky Lviv State University of Physical Culture
  • Olena Zastavska Sport club "Olympus"

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-01-62-70

Keywords:

health-related quality of life, mental health; PedsQL, CrossFit, strength fitness, adolescent

Abstract

Topicality. Despite significant achievements and a detailed study of the biological, social and behavioral aspects and the importance of motor activity for a person's mental health, open to consideration and discussion remains the question of understanding the mechanisms of the influence of physical activity on the mental health of children and adolescents. The purpose was to evaluate the impact of CrossFit training on the mental status and indicators of life quality of adolescents. Methods. The study involved 14 people aged 14–16 years. CrossFit training lasted 1 hour 3 times a week for two months. The training included multifunctional complex exercises, mainly of strength orientation, which participants performed in the aerobic mode in a zone of high intensity, duration of no more than 20 minutes. The PedsQL™ questionnaire (Generic Core, Ukrainian version for respondents aged 13–18 years) was used to assess the quality of life. Participants perception about themselves (self-concept) was studied by the assessment of the physical self- concept, mood, sports and academic competencies. Dependent nonparametric samples were compared using the Wilcoxon Z-criterion. Results. After participating in the 8-week program, there was an increase (p<0,01) of the level of physical preparedness by the results of the performance of exercise complexes. The average values of all indicators of the self- concept increased after participating in the program. Positive dynamics was observed for indicators «Mood» (p=0,09), «Sports Competence» (p=0,09), «Academic Competence» (p=0,10). At the end of the program, the quality of life indicators increased by 4–10 points and exceeded the value of 75 points. Changes were observed to the indicators of the Physical Functioning Scale (10 %, p=0,1), Emotional Functioning Scale (14 %, p=0,09) and School Functioning Scale (15 %, p=0,03). Conclusions. Simultaneously with raising in the level of physical preparedness, 8-week CrossFit program was useful for increasing of self-confidence and improving mood. The participants have observed an increase in the quality of life by 10–15 %.

References

Bellar, D., Hatchett, A., Judge, L. W., Breaux, M. E., & Marcus, L. (2015). The relationship of aerobic capacity, anaerobic peak power and experience to performance in CrossFit exercise. Biology of Sport, no. 32(4), 315–320. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1174771

Biddle, S. (2016). Physical activity and mental health: evidence is growing. World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 15(2), 176–177. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20331

Chen, S., Kim, Y., & Gao, Z. (2014). The contributing role of physical education in youth’s daily physical activity and sedentary behavior. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-110

Claudino, J. G., Gabbett, T. J., Bourgeois, F., Souza, H. de S., Miranda, R. C., Mezêncio, B., … Serrão, J. C. (2018). CrossFit overview: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5

Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., & Lubans, D. R. (2016a). Effects of exercise on mental health outcomes in adolescents: findings from the CrossFitTM teens randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 26, 14–23. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.PSYCHSPORT.2016.05.008

Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., & Lubans, D. R. (2016b). Improving health-related fitness in adolescents: the CrossFit TeensTM randomised controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(3), 209–223. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02640414.2015.1045925

Edmunds, S., Biggs, H., & Goldie, I. (2013). Let’s get physical: The impact of physical activity on wellbeing.
Mental Health Foundation, 38, 1–47.

Feito, Y., Hoffstetter, W., Serafini, P., & Mangine, G. (2018). Changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance resulting from 16-weeks of HIFT. PloS One, 13(6), e0198324. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.0198324

Fibbins, H., Ward, P. B., Watkins, A., Curtis, J., & Rosenbaum, S. (2018). Improving the health of mental health staff through exercise interventions: a systematic review. Journal of Mental Health, 27(2), 184–191. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/09638237.2018.1437614

Fox, K. R. (1999). The influence of physical activity on mental well-being. Public Health Nutrition: 2(3a), 411– 418. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S1368980099000567

Gipson, C. M., Campbell, N., & Malcom, N. L. (2018). Partnerships between an at-risk youth CrossFit program and local community organizations: focusing on the antecedents to partnership development. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 6(3). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/sports6030100

Jayakody, K., Gunadasa, S., & Hosker, C. (2014). Exercise for anxiety disorders: systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/ 10.1136/bjsports-2012-091287

Lopresti, A. L., Hood, S. D., & Drummond, P. D. (2013). A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: diet, sleep and exercise. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148(1), 12– 27. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.014

Meade, T., & Dowswell, E. (2016). Adolescents’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) changes over time: a three year longitudinal study. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 14, 14. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12955-016- 0415-9

Middelkamp, J., van Rooijen, M., Wolfhagen, P., & Steenbergen, B. (2017). The effects of a self-efficacy intervention on exercise behavior of fitness club members in 52 weeks and long-term relationships of transtheoretical model constructs. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(2), 163–171.

Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas, 106, 48–56. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.09.003

Murawska-Cialowicz, E., Wojna, J., & Zuwala-Jagiello, J. (2015). Crossfit training changes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and irisin levels at rest, after wingate and progressive tests, and improves aerobic capacity and body composition of young physically active men and women. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology : An Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society, 66(6), 811–821.

Pavlova, I., Bodnar, I., & Vitos, J. (2018). The role of karate in preparing boys for school education. Physical Activity Review, 6. https://doi.org/ 10.16926/par.2018.06.08

Pavlova, I., Vynogradskyi, B., Borek, Z., & Borek, I. (2015). Life quality and physical activity of Ukrainian residents. Journal of Physical Education and Sport ® (JPES), 15(4), 809–814. https://doi.org/ 10.7752/jpes.2015.04124

Sharma, A., Madaan, V., & Petty, F. D. (2006). Exercise for mental health. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 8(2), 106.

Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1209–1223. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s40279-014-0196-4

Vancampfort, D., Van Damme, T., Probst, M., Firth, J., Stubbs, B., Basangwa, D., & Mugisha, J. (2017). Physical activity is associated with the physical, psychological, social and environmental quality of life in people with mental health problems in a low resource setting. Psychiatry Research, 258, 250–254. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.041

Varni, J. W., Limbers, C. A., & Burwinkle, T. M. (2007). Impaired health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic conditions: a comparative analysis of 10 disease clusters and 33 disease categories/severities utilizing the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5, 43. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/1477-7525-5-43

Varni, J. W., Seid, M., & Rode, C. A. (1999). The PedsQL: measurement model for the pediatric quality of life inventory. Medical Care, 37(2), 126–139.

Wipfli, B., Landers, D., Nagoshi, C., & Ringenbach, S. (2011). An examination of serotonin and psychological variables in the relationship between exercise and mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(3), 474–481. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01049.x

World Health Organization. (2017). Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) Guidance to Support Country Implementation-Summary. Geneva.

Pavlova, Iu. (2016). Ozdorovcho-rekreacijni texnologiyi ta yakist` zhy`ttya lyudy`ny`[Health-enhancing technologies and quality of human life]. Lviv: LSUPC.

Published

2019-05-24

Issue

Section

Physical culture, physical education of different age group population

How to Cite

Influence of CrossFit Training on the Mental Condition and Quality of Life of Young People. (2019). Physical Education, Sport and Health Culture in Modern Society, 1 (45), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-01-62-70