Adequacy criteria of physical loadings and their use in sports, physical education, and physical rehabilitation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-02-68-77Keywords:
physical loadings, control, cardiovascular system, heart rate variability, central hemodynamicsAbstract
The research relevance. It is known that physical loadings (FL) positively affect the organism of a person engaged in motor activity or a patient in the process of rehabilitation only when they are adequate to the functional capabilities. Today, the actual issue is the FL dosage and monitoring of the process of their impact on organism to improve the health level of people in the process of physical education, sports classes, and rehabilitation of patients. The need for finding FL adequacy criteria arises, by which would be possible to track their size and effectiveness. The research aim: to determine the FL adequacy criteria by the cardiovascular system (CVS) indicators using the model with limited FL. The research methods. The reaction to the limited FL of athletes of high qualification (HQ) and low qualification (LQ) is examined to find out the markers of CVS, according to which HQ and LQ athletes differ. Central hemodynamics (CHD) and heart rate variability indicators were studied, statistical processing of the results was performed, and correlations were revealed. The research results. It was determined that by the change of CHD parameters: heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular performance (LVP) and left ventricular power (W), blood expulsion rate (Ve), circulatory efficiency (CEC) ), Robinson's index (RI) and endurance coefficient (EC) can diagnose the adequacy of the body's response to FL, to assess the adaptive capabilities, functional reserves of the CVS, use to select and monitor the adequate FL values because these indicators are lower in HQ athletes at rest and recovery period. The most accurate markers of the adequacy of the organism's reaction to the effects of extreme loadings appeared indicators of stroke volume (SV), shock index (SI) and myocardial stress index (MSI), because they changed differently in HQ and LQ athletes both at FL and during recovery period.
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Baevskyy, R. M., Yvanov H. H., Chyreykyn L. V. [y dr.] (2001). Analyz varyabelʹnosty serdechnoho rytma pry yspolʹzovanyy razlychnykh élektrokardyohrafycheskykh system (metodycheskye rekomendatsyy) [Analysis of heart rate variability when using different electrocardiographic systems (methodical recom- mendations)]. Vestn. arytmolohyy, 24, 65–87.
Bernada, V. V. (2006). Osoblyvosti stanu vehetatyvnoyi rehulyatsiyi funktsiy u molodykh zdorovykh osib z riznoyu shvydkistyu obrobky informatsiyi [Peculiarities of the state of vegetative regulation of functions in young healthy individuals with different speed of information processing]. Naukovyy visnyk Uzhhorodsʹkoho universytetu, seriya «Biolohiya», 16, 180–184.
Varyabelʹnostʹ serdechnoho rytma (2000). Standarty yzmerenyya, fyzyolohycheskoy ynterpretatsyy y klynycheskoho yspolʹzovanyya [Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use]. Sankt-Peterburg: AOZT Ynstytut kardyolohycheskoy tekhnyky, 64.
Vlasenko, O. V., Hunas, I. V., Sheremeta, R. O., Rokunetsʹ, I. L. (2014). Pokaznyky kintsevoho diastolichnoho i systolichnoho ob’yemiv livoho shlunochka, udarnoho y khvylynnoho ob’yemu sertsya, fraktsiyi vykydu ta udarnoho y sertsevoho indeksiv u zdorovykh cholovikiv i zhinok Podillya za danymy ekhokardiohrafiyi [Indicators of end-diastolic and systolic volumes of the left ventricle, stroke and cardiac output, ejection fraction and stroke and heart indices in healthy men and women of Podillya according to echocardiography]. Visnyk Vinnytsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho medychnoho universytetu, 2, T. 18, 461–465.
Horobey, M. P. Osadchyy, O. V. (2017). Zahalʹna teoriya zdorovʺya: navchalʹnyy posibnykdlya stude,ntiv napryamu pidhotovky 6.010203 «Zdorovʺya lyudyny» ta spetsialʹnostey 227 «Fizychna reabilitatsiya», 227 «Fizychna terapiya, erhoterapiya» [General theory of health: a textbook for students in the field of training 6.010203 «Human Health» and specialties 227 «Physical Rehabilitation», 227 «Physical Therapy, Occupatio- nal Therapy»]. Chernihiv: CHNTU, 210.
Korytko, Z. I. (2011). Metabolichnyy aspekt osoblyvostey kompensatorno-prystosuvalʹnykh protsesiv u lehko- atletiv-bihuniv riznoyi kvalifikatsiyi za umov hranychnykh fizychnykh navantazhenʹ [Metabolic aspect of the features of compensatory-adaptive processes in athletes-runners of different qualifications under conditions of extreme physical activity]. Zdobutky klinichnoyi i eksperymentalʹnoyi medytsyny, 1, 57–61.
Korytko, Z. I. (2013). Novi pohlyady na mekhanizmy rozvytku stadiy zahalʹnoadaptatsiynoho syndromu za umov diyi hranychnykh fizychnykh navantazhenʹ [New views on the mechanisms of development of stages of general adaptation syndrome under the conditions of extreme physical activity]. Svit medytsyny i biolohiyi, 4(41), 107–112.
Korytko, Z. I. (2011). Osoblyvosti rehulyatornykh mekhanizmiv sertsya u formuvanni perekhidnykh adaptat- siyno-kompensatornykh staniv za umov hranychnykh fizychnykh navantazhenʹ [Peculiarities of regulatory mechanisms of the heart in the formation of transitional adaptive-compensatory states under conditions of extreme physical activity]. Eksperymentalʹna ta klinichna fiziolohiya i biokhimiya, 3, 66–72.
Korytko, Z. I. (2011). Osoblyvosti rehulyatornykh mekhanizmiv sertsya u formuvanni perekhidnykh adaptat- siyno-kompensatornykh staniv za umov hranychnykh fizychnykh navantazhenʹ [Peculiarities of regulatory mechanisms of the heart in the formation of transitional adaptive-compensatory states under conditions of extreme physical activity]. Eksperymentalʹna ta klinichna fiziolohiya i biokhimiya, 3, 66–72.
Korytko, Z. I. (1995). Vplyv hostroho fizychnoho perevantazhennya na stan system hemostazu ta imunohenezu [Influence of acute physical overload on the state of hemostasis and immunogenesis system]. Ekspery- mentalʹna ta klinichna fiziolohiya, 182–185.
Lesʹkiv, I. YA, Korytko, Z. I., Mysakovetsʹ, O. O. (2013). Adaptatsiynyy potentsial ta funktsionalʹni rezervy krovoobihu studentiv z riznym vydom rukhovoyi aktyvnosti [Adaptation potential and functional reserves of blood circulation of students with different types of motor activity]. Eksperymentalʹna ta klinichna fiziolohiya i bikhimiya, 3, 77–84.
Mazur, V. A., Skavronsʹkyy, O. P. (2016). Vplyv rukhovoyi aktyvnosti na orhanizm lyudyny [Influence of motor activity on the human body] Visnyk Kamʺyanetsʹ-Podilʹsʹkoho natsionalʹnoho universytetu imeni Ivana Ohiyenka. Fizychne vykhovannya, sport i zdorovʺya lyudyny, 9. 256–264. URL: https://doi.org/10.32626/2309- 8082.2016-0.%p.
Mykhalyuk, YE. L., Syvolap, V. V., Tkalich, I. V., Chechelʹ, M. M. (2009). Tsentralʹna hemodynamika, variabelʹnistʹ sertsevoho rytmu ta fizychna pratsezdatnistʹ u sport·smeniv vysokoho klasu, shcho rozvyvayutʹ fizychni yakosti shvydkosti y syly [Central hemodynamics, heart rate variability and physical performance in high-class athletes who develop physical qualities of speed and strength]. Problemy fizychnoho vykhovannya i sportu, 12, 122–125. URL: https://www.sportpedagogy.org.ua/html/journal/2009-12/09melqqf.pdf
Ryabukha, O., Budzyn, V. (2016). Smertʹ uchniv na urokakh fizychnoyi kulʹtury: analiz prychyn [Death of students in physical education lessons: analysis of reasons]. Moloda sportyvna nauka Ukrayiny, 2, 171–174.
Fleyshman, A. N. (1999). Medlennye kolebanyya hemodynamyky [Slow oscillations of hemodynamics]. Novosybyrsk, 264.
Chornenʹka, H. V. (2017). Denna dynamika pokaznykiv chastoty sertsevykh skorochenʹ studentiv-persho- kursnykiv LDUFK [Daily dynamics of heart rate indicators of first-year students of LDUFK]. Sportyvna nauka Ukrayiny, 2, 32–36. URL: http://www.sportscience.org.ua/index.php
Aubert, A. E., Seps, B., Beckers, F. (2003). Heart Rate Variability in Athletes. Sports Med, 33(12), 889–919. URL: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200333120-00003
Conconi, F., Ferrari, M., Ziglio, P. G., Droghetti, P., Codeca, L. (1982). Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a non invasive field test in runners. Journal of Applied Physiology, 52, 869–873.
Korytko Zoryana, Kulitka Eduard, Chornenka Halyna, Zachidnyy Vasyl (2019). Use of integral hematological indices for diagnostics of athletes adaptive processes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 32, 214–218. URL: http://repository.ldufk.edu.ua/handle/34606048/23475.
Barak Otto F., Glazachev Oleg S., Dudnik Helena N. [et al.] (2008). Peculiarities of the autonomic balance assessed through heart rate variability analysis in sportsmen and nonsportsmen. Зборник Матице српске за природне науке/Proc. Nat. Sci, Matica Srpska Novi Sad, 114, 17–25. DOI: 10.2298/ZMSPN0814017B
Rietjens G. J., Kuipers H., Adam J. J. [et. al.] (2005). Physiological, biochemical and psychological markers of strenuous training-induced fatigue. J Sports Med, 26, 16–26. URL: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817914
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2020-07-01
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Therapeutic physical training, sports medicine and physical rehabilitation
How to Cite
Adequacy criteria of physical loadings and their use in sports, physical education, and physical rehabilitation. (2020). Physical Education, Sport and Health Culture in Modern Society, 2 (50), 68-77. https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-02-68-77
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