Nfluence of Different Models of Functional Training on Bioimpedance Measurements in the Process of Long-Term Adaptation of Elite Wrestlers

Abstract

Topicality. The issue of the necessity of preserving optimal morphometric parameters of the body of wrestlers against the background of constantly growing indicators of load and requirements of competitive activity is one of the priority practical and scientific tasks. The Purpose of the Research. To investigate the effectiveness of the influence of models of functional training classes, developed on the basis of power fitness, on the level of indicators of body composition of highly skilled wrestlers. Methods. We examined 60 elite Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 19±0,5 years and weighing 72±6,3 kg. The participants were divided into groups A and B by the type of heart rhythm regulation, and into 4 subgroups by the level of resistance to loads. The dynamics of body composition indicators of the subjects was studied using the method of bioimpedanceometry. Features of adaptive changes were assessed using basal levels of creatinine and testosterone in the blood serum. The Results. It was established that the indicator of body fat mass (BF, %) demonstrates a tendency to decrease among sportsmen of all subgroups. It was established that representatives of A¹ and B², who used the model of trainings No. 2 during the research, have a tendency to decrease the indicator of fat-free mass (FFM). At the same time, in the conditions of using model No. 1, we observe a positive reliable dynamic of growth of the level of BWM in sportsmen of subgroup A² (+2,4 %) and B¹ (+3,7 %). It was found that the level of active cellular body mass (ACBM, %) demonstrates almost identical tendency to increase among representatives of all subgroups. In the conditions of the use of the model of trainings No. 1 we observe an increase in the basal level of creatinine in the blood of the examined wrestlers of subgroups A² (+5,8 %) and B¹ (+10,1 %). However, in the representatives of the other two subgroups, the prolonged use of the training model No. 2 did not affect the level of this biochemical blood index. It was established that during the period of three months of the study the greatest decrease in the basal level of testosterone in blood serum by 24,3 % was found in wrestlers of subgroup B¹. Conclusions. It was found that the nature of changes in body composition indicators primarily depends not on the type of regulation of the athlete's heart rhythm, but on the features of the used models of training sessions. It has been established that in vagotonic athletes with a high level of resistance, the use of a high-intensity exercise regime (R_a=0,88) in combination with the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of energy supply and a set of exercises with dumbbells contributes to the processes of long-term adaptation.