Comparative Analysis of Changes in Bodybuilders` Body Composition Indicators under the Conditions of Different Loads Using Exercise Machines or Free Weights Exercises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2023-01-109-118Keywords:
bodybuilding, muscle mass, gym machines workout, free weights exercises, fat mass, loadAbstract
Zhao Jie, Valentyn Oleshko. Comparative Analysis of Changes in Bodybuilders` Body Composition Indicators under the Conditions of Different Loads Using Exercise Machines or Free Weights Exercises. To carry out a comparative analysis of the influence of various combination of the load and sets of training using exercise machines or free weights exercises on the dynamics of bodybuilders` body composition indicators. Methods. 64 athletes who have been engaged in bodybuilding for the past 5,8±1,3 years were involved in order to solve the set goal. 4 research groups of 16 people each were formed. During 12 weeks, the participants of the experimental groups used the options offered to them for combining the amount of load and sets of trainings using exercise machines or free weights exercises. The level of change in the investigated parameters of body composition was determined at the beginning and every 4 weeks using the bioimpedance method. The value of the external stimulus indicator was determined using the control testing of the maximum force assessment and the integral assessment of the force load magnitude. The Results. The use of short-term (up to 15 seconds) strength loads of high intensity (Ra=0,70–0,72) in combination with gym machine workout contributes to the greatest increase of 7,0 % in the active body mass index of the 3rd group during the study. The corresponding changes are almost two times higher than the indicators that were found during the use of longer loads (45–60 seconds) with medium intensity (Ra=0,58–0,65) under the conditions of using free weights exercises (group 1). An almost identical difference between the results found in two groups was observed when monitoring the dynamics of indicators of lean body mass and dry cellular body mass during the 12 weeks of the study. At the same time, the level of fat mass decreased by 4,2 % during the experiment period in the athletes of group 1, who used exercises with free weights and medium-intensity loads. In representatives of groups 3 and 4, who used high- intensity loads, regardless of the complex of training exercises, the level of body fat did not change during the 12 weeks of the study. Findings. The use of high-intensity loads (Ra=0,70–72) in combination with a gym machine workout contributes to the greatest increase in indicators of active, dry cell and fat-free body mass, which indicates positive changes in the development of muscle mass. The use of medium-intensity loads (Ra=0,65–67) in combination with a set of free weights exercises has a significant effect on reducing the level of fat mass.
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