Analysis of the Role of Moderating Socio-Cultural Pressure for Weight Loss and Physical Changes in Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-01-107-115Keywords:
Obesity, Body image, Physical social anxiety, Social-cultural pressure, Weight loss, Physical changeAbstract
Topicality. Obesity is a global epidemic. Obesity is on the rise in developing countries due to changes in lifestyle. The Aim of the Research.This study aimed to compare body image problems and social-physical anxiety in obese and normal-weight adolescents by examining the moderating role of cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change. Method. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 70 adolescents obese and 72 adolescent girls with normal weight were selected through one-stage cluster sampling from high school students in Mashhad. Data collection and measurement tools included: high-sensitivity portable digital scales, Multidimensional Self-Relationships Questionnaire, Physical Social Anxiety Questionnaire, and Cultural Social Pressure Questionnaire. The groups were matched for education, gender, and age. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The Results of the Research. Results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in body image and physical and social anxiety between obese adolescents and normal weight adolescents. The results also showed that high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change has a significant role in increasing physical social anxiety. But it does not have a moderating role in the extent of body image problems and physical social anxiety. Obesity and high cultural social pressure for weight loss and physical change are important factors in increasing body image problems and physical and social anxiety. But cultural social pressure does not mitigate the role of obesity in increasing or decreasing body image problems and physical social anxiety. Conclusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that body image problems in obese individuals are more influenced by their body mass and not by the socio-cultural pressure for weight loss and body change.
References
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Motle, R. W. & Conroy, D. E. (2000). Validity and factorial invariance of the social physique anxiety scale.
Medicine and Science in sport & Exercise, 32, 1007–1017.
Pope, A., McHairl, M., et al. And Karihada, A. (2014). Increase self-esteem in children and adolescents. Translated by Parisa Tajli, Roshd Publications, Tehran, p. 237.
Purgasem Gargari, H. Hamedbadzad, M. Seyed Sajjadi, N. Kouchavar, N. Karami, P. (2010). The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Nutritional Attitude in Tabriz Female High School Students Medical. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 23, 3, 29–24.
Rosenblum, G. D. & Lewis, M. (1999). The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass in adolescence. Child Development, 70, 50–64.
Sadeghi, Gharai str., 2 Fathi, L. (2012). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Obesity Patients, Iranian. Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, No. 2, 117–107.
Salehi, J. Rahmani, A. (1979). The Role of Social Anxiety in Exercise Determination of Motivation for Participation in Exercise Exercises, Journal of Sport Development and Motor Learning, No. 6.
Schwarz, M. B. & Brownell, K. D. (2004) Obesity and body image. Body Image, 1, 43–56.
Shaw K., O’Rourke P., Del Mar C. & Kenardy J. Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003818.
Singh, M. M., Ashok, L., Binu, V. S., Parsekar, S. S. & Bhumika, T. V. (2015). Adolescents and body image: a cross sectional study. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(12), 1107–1111.
Sjoberg, L. R., Nilsson, W. K. & Leppert, J. (2005). Obesity, Shame, and Depression in School-Aged Children: A Population-Based Study. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 116(3), 389–392.
Smolak, L. (2004). Body image in children and adolescents: Where do we go from here? Body Image, 1, 15–28.
Sobol-Goldberg, S & Rabinowitz J. (2016). Association of childhood and teen school performance and obesity in young adulthood in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Preventive Medicine, 89, 57–63.
Sondhause, E. L., Kurtz, R. M. & Strube, M. J. (2001). Body attitude, gender and selfoncept: a 30 years perspective. Journal of psychology, 135(4), 413–429.
Storch, E. A., Milsom, V. A., Debraganza, N., Lewin, A. B., Geffken, G. R. & Silverstein, J. H. (2007). Peer victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and physical activity in overweight and at risk for overweight Youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(1), 80–89.
Time, M. (2012). Predicting body image dissatisfaction based on psychological and socio-cultural factors. MSc thesis. Tabriz University.
Tsai, G. (2000). Eating disorders in the Far East. Eating and Weight Disorders, 5, 186–197. Ung, E. K. (2005). Eating disorders in Singapore; Coming of age. Singapore Medical Journal, 46, 254–256.
Villiers, M. D. (2006). Body image and dating relationships amongst adolescents. (Thesis of Master of Arts (psychology). University of Stellenbosch.
Yousefi, B., Tadiabi, and 2. Hosni, Z. (2010). The Effect of Gender and Exercise on Satisfaction with Physical Dimensions and Physical Social Anxiety among Students of Islamic Azad University District 11. Journal of Sport Management, No. 6, 136–121.
Yousefi, B., Hassani, Z. & Shokri, O. (2009). Reliability and factor validity of the 7-item of social physique anxiety scale (SPAS-7) among university students in Iran. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(3), 201–204.
Zardasht, A. H., Besharat, M. A., Pourhossein, R., Bahrami Ehsan, A. H., Poursharifi, H. (2015). Comparing the Effectiveness of Interpersonal Relationship Therapy and Emotional Management on Weight Loss in Overweight and Overweight Women, Journal of Health Psychology, No. 14, 14–1.
Akiba, D. (1998). Cultural variations in body esteem: how young adults in Iran and the United States view their own appearances. The journal of social psychology, 14, 539–40.
Ali Akbari Dehkordi, M. (2015). Comparison of Extraverted Disorders in Overweight Boys with Normal Weight Boys: Emphasis on Conduct Disorder, Journal of Health Psychology, No. 16, 30–30.
Allen, K. L.; Byrne, S. M.; McLean, N. J. & Davis, E. A. (2008). Overconcern with weight and shape is not the same as body dissatisfaction: Evidence from a prospective study of pre-adolescent boys and girls. Body Image, 5, 261–270.
Assar Kashani, H., Roshan, R., Khalaj, H. R., Mohammadi, J. (2012). Comparison of physical misunderstanding and body image in obese, overweight and normal weight. Journal of Health Psychology, No. 2, 70–80.
Blank M. J., Berg, A. C. & Melaville, A. (2006). Growing Comunity scholls: Therole of Cross-boundaryleder ship. whashington, DC: Coalition for Comunity Schools.
Brewer, B. W., Diehl, N. S., Cornelius, A. E., Joshua, M. D. & Van Raalte, J. L. (2004). Exercising caution: Social physique anxiety and protective self-presentational behavior. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 7(1), 47–55.
Brownell, K. D. (1991). Dieting and the search for the perfect body: where physiology and culture collide. Behavior Therapy, 22, 1–12.
Burgess G., Grogan S. & Buwitz L. (2006). Effects of a 6-week aerobic dance intervention on body image and physical self-perceptions in adolescent girls. Body image, 3, 57–66.
Clark, L. & Tiggemann, M. (2006). Appearance culture in nine- to 12-year-old girls: Media and peer influences on body dissatisfaction [Electronic version]. Social Development, 15(4), 628–643.
Danis, A., Mohd Bahar, N., Isa, K. A. M. & Adilin, H. Body image perspectives among adolescents in rural environment setting. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 153, 436–442.
Dion, J., Blackburn, M. E., Auclair, J., Laberge, L., Veillette, S., Gaudreault, M., Vachon, P., Perron, M. & Tou- chette, É. (2015). Development and etiology of body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(2), 151–166.
Faith, M. S., Calamaro, C. J., Dolan, M. S. & Pietrobelli, A. (2004). Mood disorders and obesity. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 17, 9–13.
Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Harney, M. B., Koehler, L. G., Danzi, L. E., Riddell, M .K. & Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2012). Explaining the relation between thin ideal internalization and body dissatisfaction among college women: The roles of social comparison and body surveillance. Body Image, 9, 43–49.
Gordon, K. H., Perez, M. & Joiner, T. E. (2002). The impact of racial stereotypes on eating disorder recognition.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 219–224.
Halliwell, E. & Harvey, M. (2006). Examination of a sociocultural model of disordered eating among male and female adolescents. British Journal of Health Psychology, 11, 235–248.
Hart, E. A., Leary, M. R. & Rejeski, W. J. (1989). The measurement of social physique anxiety in female. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 11, 94–104.
Levine, M. P. & Piran, N. (2004). The role of body images in the prevention of eating disorders. Body image, 1, 57–70.
Lindwall, M. & Lindgren, E. C. (2005). The effects of a 6-month exercise intervention program on physical self- perceptions and social physique anxiety in non – physically active Swedish girls. Psychology of sport and exercise, 6, 643–658.
Louis, J. (2005). Personality tests. Translation: Mohammad Ali Besharat and Mohammad Habibnejad. Tehran: Aigie Publishing. First Edition
Lowry, R., Galuska, D. A., Fulton, J. E., Wechsler, H., Kann, L. & Collins, J. L. (2000). Physical activity, food choice, and weight management goals and practices among U.S. college students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 181, 18–27.
McCabe, M. P & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Body image and body change techniques among young adolescent boys. European Eating Disorders Review, 9, 335–347.
McCabe, M. P., Mavoa, H., Ricciardelli, L. A., Schultz, J. T., Waqa, G. & Fotu, K. F. (2011). Socio-cultural agents and their impact on body image and body change strategies among adolescents in Fiji, Tonga, Tongans in New Zealand and Australia. Obesity Reviews, 12, 61–67.
Mellor, D., McCabe, M., Ricciardelli, L., Yeow, J., Daliza, N. & Mohd Hapidzal, N. F. (2009). Sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors. Body Image, 6, 121–128.
Moss, T. P. (2005). The relationships between objective and subjective ratings of disfigurement severity, and psychological adjustment. Body Image, 2, 151–159.
Motle, R. W. & Conroy, D. E. (2000). Validity and factorial invariance of the social physique anxiety scale.
Medicine and Science in sport & Exercise, 32, 1007–1017.
Pope, A., McHairl, M., et al. And Karihada, A. (2014). Increase self-esteem in children and adolescents. Translated by Parisa Tajli, Roshd Publications, Tehran, p. 237.
Purgasem Gargari, H. Hamedbadzad, M. Seyed Sajjadi, N. Kouchavar, N. Karami, P. (2010). The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Nutritional Attitude in Tabriz Female High School Students Medical. Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Vol. 23, 3, 29–24.
Rosenblum, G. D. & Lewis, M. (1999). The relations among body image, physical attractiveness, and body mass in adolescence. Child Development, 70, 50–64.
Sadeghi, Gharai str., 2 Fathi, L. (2012). The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Obesity Patients, Iranian. Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, No. 2, 117–107.
Salehi, J. Rahmani, A. (1979). The Role of Social Anxiety in Exercise Determination of Motivation for Participation in Exercise Exercises, Journal of Sport Development and Motor Learning, No. 6.
Schwarz, M. B. & Brownell, K. D. (2004) Obesity and body image. Body Image, 1, 43–56.
Shaw K., O’Rourke P., Del Mar C. & Kenardy J. Psychological interventions for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003818.
Singh, M. M., Ashok, L., Binu, V. S., Parsekar, S. S. & Bhumika, T. V. (2015). Adolescents and body image: a cross sectional study. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 82(12), 1107–1111.
Sjoberg, L. R., Nilsson, W. K. & Leppert, J. (2005). Obesity, Shame, and Depression in School-Aged Children: A Population-Based Study. Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 116(3), 389–392.
Smolak, L. (2004). Body image in children and adolescents: Where do we go from here? Body Image, 1, 15–28.
Sobol-Goldberg, S & Rabinowitz J. (2016). Association of childhood and teen school performance and obesity in young adulthood in the US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Preventive Medicine, 89, 57–63.
Sondhause, E. L., Kurtz, R. M. & Strube, M. J. (2001). Body attitude, gender and selfoncept: a 30 years perspective. Journal of psychology, 135(4), 413–429.
Storch, E. A., Milsom, V. A., Debraganza, N., Lewin, A. B., Geffken, G. R. & Silverstein, J. H. (2007). Peer victimization, psychosocial adjustment, and physical activity in overweight and at risk for overweight Youth. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 32(1), 80–89.
Time, M. (2012). Predicting body image dissatisfaction based on psychological and socio-cultural factors. MSc thesis. Tabriz University.
Tsai, G. (2000). Eating disorders in the Far East. Eating and Weight Disorders, 5, 186–197. Ung, E. K. (2005). Eating disorders in Singapore; Coming of age. Singapore Medical Journal, 46, 254–256.
Villiers, M. D. (2006). Body image and dating relationships amongst adolescents. (Thesis of Master of Arts (psychology). University of Stellenbosch.
Yousefi, B., Tadiabi, and 2. Hosni, Z. (2010). The Effect of Gender and Exercise on Satisfaction with Physical Dimensions and Physical Social Anxiety among Students of Islamic Azad University District 11. Journal of Sport Management, No. 6, 136–121.
Yousefi, B., Hassani, Z. & Shokri, O. (2009). Reliability and factor validity of the 7-item of social physique anxiety scale (SPAS-7) among university students in Iran. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(3), 201–204.
Zardasht, A. H., Besharat, M. A., Pourhossein, R., Bahrami Ehsan, A. H., Poursharifi, H. (2015). Comparing the Effectiveness of Interpersonal Relationship Therapy and Emotional Management on Weight Loss in Overweight and Overweight Women, Journal of Health Psychology, No. 14, 14–1.
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Published
2020-03-31
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Therapeutic physical training, sports medicine and physical rehabilitation
How to Cite
Analysis of the Role of Moderating Socio-Cultural Pressure for Weight Loss and Physical Changes in Obese and Normal Weight Adolescents. (2020). Physical Education, Sport and Health Culture in Modern Society, 1 (49), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2020-01-107-115
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