Technology of individualization of the training process of the multi athletes in the field of higher achievements in the preparatory period of the macrocycle

Abstract

Due to the lack of standard athletics training programs at the senior level, professionals prioritize an individual approach to building the annual cycle. However, the development of this trend in the training process of decathlon athletics until recently has not received a comprehensive theoretical, methodological and practical solution. The purpose is to develop and use an algorithm for constructing an individual training program for decathletes in athletics during the macrocycle preparatory period. The scientific works reveal the peculiarities of construction and structure of the training process, the ways of the development of physical fitness and improvement of the technical preparedness of athletes of different qualifications. But to a large extent, the challenges of preparing track and field athletics at the senior stage remain largely unsolved. This is due to traditional  approaches to the organization of the training process, which are based on the principles of ever-increasing training loads without proper attention to the recovery processes. Results. The study was conducted on the basis of Vinnytsia Junior Track and Field Athletics. The study involved all-rounders (n=5) with the sports qualification of master of sports of Ukraine with training experience of 8 to 10 years. The study was conducted during the preparatory period of the autumn macrocycle (October 2018 − January 2019). The algorithm of construction of the individual training program of decathlon athletics was developed by us, which includes the following sequence of actions: a) determination of the initial level of technical, physical and functional readiness of the athlete achieved during the previous macrocycle; b) development of an individual training fund for the preparatory period; c) purposeful allocation of groups of training facilities in training sessions and microcycles of general preparatory and special-preparatory stages taking into account the individual needs of development of basic components of physical training, technical qualities and performance of competitive disciplines; d) defining a strategy for the implementation of a program of sports training for maximum training effect; e) monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of the program and identifying problems to be resolved. The use of the algorithm resulted in a statistically significant improvement in the rates of speed, endurance, overall endurance, alactate, lactate, aerobic capacity and physical performance.