Characteristic changes of bioimpedanceometry indices in junior Mixed Martial Arts athletes of different qualifications during special strength training

Abstract

Topicality. One of the priority issues in the system of training qualified athletes in MMA is the search for balanced load modes, which, depending on the characteristics of mesocycles, directions of training activities, will allow to demonstrate optimal parameters of body composition within their weight category during the period of competitive activity. The Purpose of the Research. To study the peculiarities of changes in body composition indicators of junior MMA athletes of different qualifications during 12 weeks of using models of power fitness classes during special strength training. Methods. The study examined 100 qualified athletes aged 16–18 who are candidates for the junior MMA team. Two groups were created (A and B). Group A included 60 athletes (from the 1st sports category to the СMS). The participants of group B were 40 athletes (from MS to MSIK). During strength training we used 2 models of strength fitness classes. Model No. 1: a mode of high intensity loads (R_a=0,71) in combination with the creatine phosphokinase mechanism of ATP resynthesis. Model of classes № 2: a mode of loading of average intensity R_a=0,65 in the conditions of anaerobic glycolysis of ATP resynthesis. Non- invasive method of bioimpedanceometry was used to determine body composition indicators. The results. The initial indices of bioimpedanceometry (BFM, FFM, ACM) in sportsmen of shock and wrestling style of conducting fights which have an identical level of qualification, do not have a significant difference. It is revealed that sportsmen with higher qualification (MS, MSMK), there is a significant difference of initial parameters of indicators of BFM, % (-4,3 %), FFM, kg (+6,4 %), AСM, kg (+6,5 %), AСM, % (+2,8 %) in comparison with participants of the research who have the 1st category and CMC. The results revealed after 12 weeks of special power training testify that the greatest changes of indicators of BFM, % (-1,4 %), FFM, kg (+5,9 %), ACM, kg (+5,8 %) ACM, % (+0,9 %) are revealed in a group of sportsmen-juniors (1st category, CMS) of wrestling style of conducting fights. In sportsmen with an identical style, but higher qualification, we also observe positive changes of the studied indicators of bioimpedanceometry, but the revealed dynamics is twice less. It is established that the use of the model of classes with the mode of loading of average intensity R_a=0,65 in combination with the mechanism of energy supply due to anaerobic glycolysis, promotes the most expressed changes of indicators of body composition, regardless of qualification of sportsmen. Conclusions. The results of the research demonstrate the expediency of using indicators of bioimpedanceometry as informative markers of comparative analysis of morphometric parameters of the body of junior sportsmen of different qualifications before the beginning of development of models of classes on special power training in MMA. In sportsmen with lesser qualification in the process of prolonged use of models of power fitness classes, indicators of body composition demonstrate the most noticeable tendency to changes.